External Cannister
Gatling Gun
History
Patent drawing for RJ Gatling Gun Battery on May 9, 1865.
The original Gatling gun is a weapon of field, uses multiple rotating barrels turning a crank, and firing loose (no links or belt) metal cartridge ammunition using a gravity feed system from a hopper. The Gatling gun's innovation was not in the rotation mechanism (characterized by many of the revolvers day) [clarify] | or the use of several barrels to limit overheating (used by the machine gun), but rather, the innovation was the loading mechanism of gravity feed, which enabled to achieve qualified operators a relatively high rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute.
The Gatling gun was first used in war for American Civil War. The gun was not accepted by the Union Army until 1866, but a "sales engineer" of the manufacturer, who is shown in combat. Astete Peruvian navy admiral brought with him from the dozens of U.S. Gatling guns to Peru in December 1879 during the war between Peru and Chile saltpeter. Guns Gatling was used by the Peruvian navy and army, especially in the "Batalla de Tacna" (May 1880) and "Battle of San Juan" (January 1881) against Chilean military invaders. Lieutenant AL Howard of the Connecticut National Guard had an interest in the company of making Gatling guns, and took a gun Gatling personal property in Saskatchewan in Canada in 1885 for use with the Canadian army against MTI for Louis Riel Rebellion North-West.
The first Several cannon barrels were approximately the size and weight of artillery, and is often perceived as a replacement for the machine cannon shot or target vessel. Unlike earlier weapons such as machine gun that requires manual recharging, the Gatling gun was more reliable, easier to operate, and had a higher firing rate. The large wheels required to move around these weapons requires a high firing position which increased the vulnerability of their crews. shot sustained powder cartridges Clouds of smoke that concealment impossible until the smokeless powder became available in the 19 th century. When fighting troops industrialized nations, Gatling guns could be targeted by the artillery was unable to and their crews may be targeted by snipers that could not see.
The Gatling gun was used most successfully to expand European colonial empires by killing warriors of non-industrialized societies such as The Matabele, Zulu, Bedouin and Mahdists. Imperial Russia purchased 400 Gatling guns and used them against cavalry Turkmen and other Central Asian nomads. The Royal Navy used Gatling guns against the Egyptians in Alexandria in 1882.
Gatling guns were used by the U.S. side during the Spanish-American especially during the battle of San Juan Hill.
Basic design of the original gun
A 1865 British Gatling gun Firepower – The Museum Royal Artillery
The crank is operated Gatling gun with six barrels revolving around a central axis, similar to the Puckle Gun. Early models had a fibrous mats stuffed in the middle of the barrels that could be soaked with water to cool the guns down. Later models removed the barrels filled with carpets and counterproductive. The ammunition was originally a steel cylinder loaded with black powder and prepared with a percussion cap, because self cartridge brass, has not yet been fully developed and available. The shells were fed by gravity into the chamber through a hopper or a stick magazine in the top of the gun. Each barrel has its own triggering mechanism. After 1861, new brass cartridges similar to modern cartridges replaced the paper cartridge, but Gatling not switch to them immediately.
The 1881 model was designed to use the "Bruce Power System 'style (U.S. Patent 247,158 and 343,532) that allowed two rows .45/70 cartridge. While a row was being fed into the gun, the other could be reloaded, allowing the sustained fire. The ultimate weapon requires four operators. In 1876 Gatling gun had a theoretical rate of fire of 1,200 rounds per minute, 400 rounds per minute but was more easily attainable in combat.
Each barrel fires once per revolution around the same position. The cannons, an aircraft carrier, and a lock cylinder were separated and all mounted on a plate solid around a central axis, mounted on a transom stem. The company was grooved and the lock cylinder was drilled with holes for the barrels. Each barrel had a lock, working in the lock cylinder in line with the barrel. The lock cylinder was encased and joined to the structure. The cover was broken, and through this opening the barrel shaft was daily. In front of the box was a cam with spiral surfaces. Cam gave to reciprocate locks when the gun rotates. Also in the box was a ring of projections armed with cock and fire the gun.
Turning the handle rotates the shaft. Cartridges, which was held in a hopper, dropped individually into the grooves of the company. The blockade was both bound by the cam to move and load the cartridge, and when the camera was in its peak, the ring releases the lock assembly and fired the cartridge. After the cartridge is fired continuous action cam withdrew the blockade carries the spent cartridge and then dropped.
The concept grouped barrel had been explored by inventors from the 18th century but the poor engineering and lack of a cartridge unit did previous designs without success. The initial design Gatling gun used by itself, refillable steel cylinder with a holding chamber with a ball and black powder charge and a percussion cap on one end. As the barrel rotates, these steel cylinders fell into place, were sacked and then expelled from the gun. The innovative features of the Gatling gun were its independent release mechanism for each cylinder and the simultaneous action of the locks, barrels, carrier and breech.
The smaller caliber gun also had a Broadwell drum feed in place of the magazine curve other weapons. The drum, the name of LW Broadwell, an agent of the company Gatling, composed of twenty club magazines around a central axis, like spokes of a wheel, each with twenty cartridges with the bullet noses facing the central axis. This significant invention does not appear to have been separately patented, and may have been included in the April 9, 1872 patent, U.S. 125,563, pole and base, apparently to the assembly of a Broadwell drum can be seen in Figure 13 U.S. 125 563. As each magazine is empty, the drum is rotated manually to bring a new magazine in use up to 400 rounds had been fired.
Modern Gatling-style guns
The GAU-8 Gatling gun of an A-10 Thunderbolt II at Osan Air Base, South Korea.
After Gatling guns were replaced by lighter, cheaper weapons back style, the approach of using multiple rotating barrels fell into disuse for many decades. However, Gatling guns style weapons made a return in the 194050s, when weapons with very high rates of fire were needed in the military aircraft. For these modern weapons, electric motors are used to rotate the barrel, power systems derived from their ammunition are not, as the machine gun and GSh GShG-7.62-6-23, which uses a transmission system for gas.
U.S. Special war fighters crew boats use a Gatling gun set fire suppression during practice "hot" extraction of forces on a beach.
One of the main reasons for the resurgence of design-style Gatling gun is the weapon of continuous tolerance rates of fire. For example, if 500 rounds were fired per minute from a conventional single gun barrel, this would likely result in overheating barrel (Distortion in extreme cases) or a weapon jam. By contrast, a five-gun firing Gatling gun-style weapons 500 rounds per minute, just activates 100 rounds per minute per barrel, an acceptable rate of fire. Ultimately the limiting factor is the speed at which the loading and extraction can occur. In a design single barrel, these tasks must switch, a multi-barrel design on the other side allows them to produce simultaneously with barrels different in different parts of the cycle. The high rate of fire also makes them useful in systems that have little time to achieve its objectives, such as CIWS to defend against anti-ship missiles in rapid motion.
The M61 Vulcan 20 mm cannon is the most prolific member of a family of weapons designed by General Electric and currently manufactured by General Dynamics. It is a revolving barrel six tubes capable of more than 6,000 rounds per minute. Similar systems are available ranging from 5.56 mm to 30 mm (there was even a Gatling 37 mm in the prototype T249 Vigilante platform AA), the rate-of-fire is something proportional to the size and mass of the ammunition (which also determines the size and the mass of the barrels). Another design Gatling well known among aviation enthusiasts is the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm cannon, carried on the plane A-10 Thunderbolt II Attack (Wild Boar), a heavily armored plane close air support. It is a seven-barrel cannon tank designed for the killing and is currently the Gatling larger hole active weapon in the arsenal of the U.S..
During the Vietnam War, the 7.62 mm M134 Minigun was created as a helicopter gun. Capable of firing 6,000 rounds per minute of a belt linked the year 4000, the Minigun proved to be one of the most effective weapons of non-explosive projectiles ever built and is still used in helicopters today. They are also used in the Air Force AC-47, AC-119 gunships and AC-130 Lockheed, his original body high load capacity capable of accommodating the necessary elements for sustained operation. With sophisticated navigation and target identification tools, miniguns can be used effectively even against concealed targets. The crew of the ability to concentrate fire Gatling very well produce the appearance of the 'Net Tornado 'in the light of the markers, as the gun platform circles a target at night.
See also
Bira gun
Chain gun
Gardner Gun
Minigun
Machine gun
Gun barrel
Ripley Machine Gun
Volley gun
References
^ Chambers, John W. (II) (2000). "San Juan Hill, Battle of." The Oxford Companion to American History Military. HighBeam Research Inc.. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-SanJuanHillBattleof.html. Retrieved on 24/11/2009.
^ Ab Greeley, Horace Leon Case (1872). The major U.S. industries. JB Burr and Hyde. p. 944. http://books.google.com/books?id=KSEaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA944.
^ Paul Wahl and Don Toppel, Gatling gun, Arco Publishing, 1971.
^ Abcdef Emmott, NW "Watering Pot devil" U.S. Naval institute proceedings p. September 1972 70.
^ Ab Emmott, NW "Devil's Watering Pot" United States Naval Institute Proceedings September 1972, p. 72.
^ Emmott, NW "Devil's Watering Pot" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings September 1972 p. 71.
^ Gatling.
^ AC-119K Stinger Gunship Photo 1.
Citations and notes
Mischa and Kitsune, the netbook of modern firearms
External Links
The free encyclopedia Wikipedia, has media related to: Gatling gun
List of the military and Gatling guns Revolver
Austro-Hungarian Gatling guns
U.S. Patent 36836 – Gatling gun
U.S. Patent 47 631 – improved Gatling gun
U.S. Patent 112,138 – revolving battery gun
U.S. Patent 125,563 – Improvement of rotating cannons
Description of operating principle (with animation) of HowStuffWorks
CGI animation GAU-17 / A
EV
Modern Gatling Guns
United States
5.56×45mm NATO
XM214
7.62×51mm NATO
M134
12.7×99mm NATO
GAU-19
20×102mm
M61 XM301 M195 M197
25×137mm
GAU-12 GAU-22 / A
30×113mm
XM188
30×173mm
GAU-8 / A GAU-13 / A
37×219mm
T250
Russia, Soviet Union
5.45×39mm
GShG-5.45
7.62×54mm
GShG-7.62
12.7×108mm
Yak-B 12.7
30×165mm
GSh-6-30
EV
Weapons of the British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations 17221965
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Categories: Early machine guns | Multi-barrel machine guns | machine guns of the United States | Rotary cannons | American Civil War weapons | Military equipment of the British EmpireHidden categories: All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing clarification January 2010 About the Author
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