Inline Tds
Common rail
History
The common rail system prototype was developed in the 1960s by Robert Huber of Switzerland and the technology developed by Dr. Marco Ganser at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, after Ganser-Hydromag AG (est.1995) in Obergeri.
The first successful use in the production vehicle started in Japan by mid-1990's. Dr. Shohei Itoh and Masahiko Miyaki of Denso Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer of automotive parts, developed common rail system fuel for heavy vehicles and turned it into practical use in its common-rail system of ECD-U2 mounted on the truck Hino Ranger increase and sold for general use in 1995. Denso says the first commercial high-pressure Common Rail in 1995.
Common rail fuel system near
Modern common rail systems, while working on the same principle, are governed by an engine control unit (ECU) which opens each injector electronically instead of mechanically. This prototype was largely in the decade of 1990 with collaboration between Magneti Marelli, Centro Ricerche Fiat and Elasis. After research and development by the Fiat Group, the design was acquired by the German company Robert Bosch GmbH for completion of the development and improvement of mass production. In retrospect, the sale appears to be a tactical error for Fiat as the new technology proved to be very profitable. The company was forced to sell, however, as it was in a bad financial state at the time and did not have the resources to complete development of its own. In 1997 it extended its use for passenger vehicles. The first passenger car that used the common rail system "was the 1997 model Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD, and later that same year, Mercedes-Benz C 220 CDI.
other common rail have been used in marine and locomotive applications for some time. The Cooper-Bessemer GN-8 (circa 1942) is an example of a common hydraulic motor rail diesel, also known as a modified common rail.
Vickers uses common-rail systems around the engine submarines, 1916. Doxford Engines SA (Instead of heavy marine pistons) uses a common rail (1921 to 1980) for a multi-cylinder fuel pump piston creates pressure approximately 600bar with the fuel is stored in accumulator bottles. Pressure control was achieved by means of a pump stroke and an adjustable relief "valve spill. "camshaft driven mechanical valves were used to provide time spring Brice / CAV / Lucas injectors injected through side of the cylinder in the chamber formed between the pistons. The first engine had a pair of cameras in time, one running forward and one back. More later had two injectors per cylinder engine and the final set of constant pressure turbo engines were equipped with four injectors per cylinder. This system was used to injection of diesel oil resources and heavy oil (600cSt heated to a temperature of about 130C).
The common rail system is suitable for all type of road cars with diesel engines, ranging from city cars such as the Fiat Nuova Panda executive cars like the Volvo S80.
Common rail today
Today the common rail system "has brought a revolution in diesel engine technology. Robert Bosch GmbH, Delphi Automotive Systems, Denso Corporation and Siemens VDO (now owned by Continental AG) are the main suppliers of modern common rail systems. Automobile manufacturers refer to common engines rail by its own brand:
BMW D-engines (also used in the Land Rover Freelander TD4)
Cummins and Scania XPI (developed under the joint venture)
CCR Cummins (pump Cummins Bosch injectors)
Daimler's CDI (and Chrysler's Jeep vehicles simply as CRD)
Fiat Group (Fiat, Alfa Romeo and Lancia) JTD (also branded as Multijet, JTDM, CDTI Ecotec, TiD, TTiD, DDiS, Quadra-Jet)
TDCi Duratorq and Powerstroke Ford Motor Company
General Motors, Opel / Vauxhall CDTI (manufactured by Fiat and GM Daewoo) and DTI (Isuzu)
GM Daewoo / Chevrolet VCDI (licensed from VM Motori, also qualified as CDTI Ecotec)
Honda i-CTDi
Hyundai-Kia CRDi
Land Rover "Storm" is derived from the motor TD5 Rover L series
Mahindra CRDe
Mazda MZR-CD (1.4 MZ-CD, 1.6 MZ-CD produced by joint venture Ford / PSA Peugeot Citron)
DI-D Mitsubishi (recently developed 4N1 engine family uses the latest injection 200 MPa (2000 bar) system))
dCi Nissan
PSA Peugeot Citron HDI or HDi (1.4HDI, 1.6 HDI, 2.0 HDI, HDI HDI V6 2.2 and developed under joint venture with Ford)
Renault 'DCi
SsangYong of Xdi (Most of these engines are manufactured by Daimler AG)
Subaru Legacy TD (from January 2008)
Tata DICOR
Toyota D-4D
Volkswagen Group: The 4.2 TDI V8 and the latest 2.7 and 3.0 TDI (V6) engines given in the current Audi models use "common rail", unlike the previous injection engines unit. The 2.0 TDI in the Volkswagen Tiguan SUV uses common rail, like the 2008 model Audi A4. The Volkswagen Group has announced that the 2.0 TDI (common rail) engine is available for Volkswagen Passat and the Volkswagen Jetta 2009.
Volvo 2.4D and D5 engines (1.6D, 2.0D manufactured by Ford and PSA Peugeot Citroën), Volvo engines Penta D-series
Principles
Solenoid or piezoelectric valves make possible a precise electronic control over the fuel injection time and the quantity and pressure than the common rail technology "makes available provides better fuel atomization. To Noise lower unit engine electronic control engine may inject a small amount of diesel just before the main injection event ("pilot" injection), thus reducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well as optimization of injection timing and quantity of quality changes fuel, cold start, and so on. Some advanced common rail fuel up to five injections per stroke.
common rail engines require no heating [citation needed] the time and produce lower engine noise and emissions from older systems.
Diesel engines historically have used various forms of fuel injection. Two common types are the unit injection system and the distributor / online systems pump (See diesel engine injection unit for more information.) While these early systems provided the exact amount of fuel and timing control injection was limited by several factors:
They were expelled from the cam and the injection pressure is proportional to engine speed. This usually means the highest injection pressure could only be achieved in the maximum engine speed and the achievable maximum injection pressure decreased As engine speed decreases. This relationship is true with all pumps, including those used in common rail systems, systems of units or dealer without However, the injection pressure is linked to the instantaneous pressure of pumping a single event without battery and therefore the relationship is more important and problematic.
They were limited in the number and timing of injection events could be sent during a single combustion event. While several injection events are possible with these older systems, is much more difficult and expensive to obtain.
For the typical distributor / online system start of injection pressure occurred at a pre-determined (often referred to as popular pressure) and ended in a predetermined pressure. The result is characteristic of "dummy" injectors in the cylinder head that opens and closes at pressures determined by the preload applied to the plunger in the injector. Once the pressure in the nozzle reached a level default, the plunger up and start injecting it.
In systems of common rail high pressure pump tank stores a high pressure fuel to over 2,000 bars (29,000 psi). The term "common rail" refers to the fact that all fuel injectors are supplied by a common fuel rail, which is nothing but a pressure accumulator that stores high-pressure fuel. The fuel supply tank fuel injectors with multiple high pressure. This simplifies the purpose of the high pressure pump, and you only have to maintain an orderly pressure a target (either mechanically or electronically controlled). The fuel injectors are typically ECU-controlled. When the fuel injectors are electrically activates a hydraulic valve (which consists of a mouthpiece and the piston) is mechanically or hydraulically opens and fuel is sprayed into the cylinders to the pressure desired. Since the fuel pressure energy is stored remotely and the nozzles are electrically driven injection pressure at the beginning and end injection is very close to the pressure accumulator (rail), to produce a square injection rate. If the tank, pump and pipes are sized correctly, the injection pressure and the rate will be the same for each of the multiple injection events.
See also
The gasoline direct injection
Unit Injector
Pump unit
Turbocharged direct injection
Fuel filter
Water Sensor
References
^ "240 Landmarks of Japanese automotive technology – common rail Jsae.or.jp. http://www.jsae.or.jp/autotech/data_e/10-8e.html ECD-U2 Retrieved on 29/04/2009 …
^ "Diesel fuel injection." http://www.denso.com.au/products/aftermarket_automotive_components/diesel_fuel_injection. Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
^ "Fiat Rebirth of a carmaker." economist.com. April 24, 2008. http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11090197. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
^ "New Powertrain Technologies Conference." autonews.com. http://www.autonews.com/files/07_ane_ptc/speakers.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
^. http://www.doxford-engine.com/engines.htm.
^ 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Test Drive: Clean Diesel 50 MPG Meets Prius-Humbling Thrust – Popular Mechanics
^ (Injection multistroke) See Brochure for 2009 BMW 3 Series
External Links
This animation explains how the "common rail
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